http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization#Cyrillic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization#Russian
Párrafo extraído de este último link:
"There is no single universally accepted system of writing Russian using the Latin script — in fact there are a huge number of such systems: some are adjusted for a particular target language (e.g. German or French), some are designed as a librarian's transliteration, some are prescribed for Russian traveller's passports; the transcription of some names is purely traditional. All this has resulted in great reduplication of names. E.g. the name of the great Russian composer Tchaikovsky may also be written as Tchaykovsky, Tchajkovskij, Tchaikowski, Tschaikowski, Czajkowski, Čajkovskij, Čajkovski, Chajkovskij, Çaykovski, Chaykovsky, Chaykovskiy, Chaikovski, Tshaikovski, Tšaikovski etc"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian
Edit: vale uno en español que no está nada mal:
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanizaci ... dioma_Ruso
Edit2: Ahora que ya conocéis las mil y una maneras de transliterar podéis tomar la que más os guste: Пафнутий Львович Чебышёв